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    August, 2006

    Bonn观Guggenheim藏品展

      该死的msn space!慢得要死不说,居然不能图文混排,害得我用html语言写blog!
      侮辱了我们的人格,又妄图侮辱我们的智商~
      为了更好地显示绘画的色彩,把space主题改成简单的色调了~
     
      机会难得,岂容错过!这次Guggenheim真是把New York和Venice的镇馆之宝全搬来了,大饱眼福之余不想偷懒,多少写点印象吧。
      二十世纪的德国艺术家们一直为我所钟爱。一次遇到一学艺术史的台湾mm,她说德国没什么艺术啊。我很错愕,竟想不起告诉她德国现代有Franz Marc、Ernst L. Kirchner、Max Ernst、Paul Klee、Max Beckmann……还有奥地利的Gutav Klimt、Oskar Kokoschka、Egon Schiele……当然,古典大师的名作,除了München、Berlin、Dresden还有一些外,甚至可能比不上荷兰。德国作品也不是Guggenheim的骄傲和重点,但这次先从他们说起吧。

    Max Ernst: Der Gegenpapst (The Antipope), 1941
    ~1942. Oil on Canvas 63 1/4 x 50 inches

      印象非常深刻的首先是Max Ernst(1891-1976,出生于离Bonn不远的Köln-Brühl,去年这里开放了Max Ernst博物馆)的一幅Der Gegenpapst。这个词带有基督教色彩,而不同于德语的der Erkönig,因此翻译成“魔王”似有不妥,英文标题和德语一致——The Antipope(反教皇)。从创作时间(12.1941~03.1942)看,是Ernst刚逃到美国的时候(这个家伙拐走了Peggy Guggenheim还娶了她),应该在隐喻德国的纳粹政权;如果理解为“僭立的教皇”——那我们都知道是在影射谁了。从画面上看其实不能说清谁是主角,因为两个“马面”似乎都是女性,左面一位似乎还怀着孕(要不就是该运动了……),右面一位则纤纤玉手,而der Gegenpapst却是阳性名词。西方传统里魔鬼是有一只马脚的(见Goethe的Faust),这倒是指向了右面蓝色的怪物mm;也许左面衣服被撕破的女人自己的头被挡住了,或至少马面不是娘胎里带的吧。Guggenheim网站上关于这幅画解释说,它表现了Ernst当时和两个女人的纠缠,画面中也出现了他的女儿(背转过去的形象),一支长矛从画面上把最终被遗弃的女子与他们分隔开。想必这说法是有依据的,我只是不明白为什么把这样并不复杂的故事放到宗教背景下表现(他们脚下有枯骨、蟾蜍等,皆与女巫或巫师有关)。
      Marc画了很多动物,猫猫狗狗的。所以这次Guggenheim自鸣得意地带来一幅Gelbe Kuh(黄色的牛),却不那么引人注目了。一头幸福地微笑着的、在赤色的牧野间奔跑的、远处有青色山峦的黄色的母牛。强烈的颜色对比却使人感觉赏心悦目。有分析家指此画寓意画家的婚姻生活(三角形的山峰代表画家)。不过似乎在近处画的下端能看见一只深色的野兽背影窥伺着母牛啊!

     


    Franz Marc, Yellow Cow (Gelbe Kuh), 1911.Oil on
    canvas, 55 3/7 x 74 1/2 inches

      还有一幅Kirchner的Soldatenbad(士兵浴室)其实不错,某k说里面同性恋很多,那我就不贴图了吧。
      德国人说得差不多了,再来说说法国人。Édouard Manet是印象派的始祖,虽然从没参加过印象派的团体或展出。这幅Before the Mirror(镜前)大概是Guggenheim唯一的Manet藏品。这幅画和他1860年代时的作品大相径庭,那时的Manet最早摒弃了学院派以阴影描绘人物和景物立体感的画法,而是创造性地和巧妙地以颜色衬托来构造出画面的立体层次,可是说是形成一种拼贴式浮雕的效果,如Olympia、如Le Fifre(吹短笛的男孩)、如Le Balcon(阳台)等等。这些不朽的代表作中,我们也看出Manet喜欢用很深的黑色或褐色勾勒人物的轮廓和平涂式地填满背景,形成鲜明的Manet风格。而Guggenheim带来的这幅画虽称不上名作,却让熟悉Manet作品的观众耳目一新。1874年开始,Manet与Claude Monet一起工作,这幅画可以说明显地掺进了Monet的影响——采用鲜亮的颜色,更加模糊的人和物,斑斓的点描代替了平涂,由色块构成轮廓而非线条——也成为一幅典型的印象派绘画。


    Edouard Manet, Before the Mirror, 1876. Oil on canvas,
    36 1/4 x 28 1/8 inches

    Comments (6)

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    "他们脚下有枯骨、蟾蜍等......" I think he used frottage to express the effect he wanted. In addition do you remember the another Ernst´s painting "Forest"? the one just hanged beside the "The Antipope" in Guggenheim, we were wondering how he could made it. He used this technique frequently on his paintings if you take note of his other ones.
    Nov. 3

    frottage is a term used in art to describe a technique developed by Max Ernst in drawings made from 1925. Frottage is the French word for rubbing. Ernst was inspired by an ancient wooden floor where the grain of the planks had been accentuated by many years of scrubbing. The patterns of the graining suggested strange images to him. He captured these by laying sheets of paper on the floor and then rubbing over them with a soft pencil.

    拓印法(frottag)制造出来的形体虽然经他的手稍加夸张了一些,但他因此创造出大量崭新的形象。1926年,Ernst发表了一本作为“拓摹法最初收获”的画册,题为《自然史》。由于这种方法,根据Ernst的定义,允许他用恰当的技巧强化“想象领域的过敏必并同时排斥一切有意识的思想传达(理性、超味或道德)”,所以他认为这是自动写作法的“真正等量物”。

    Nov. 3
    Kirchner的Soldatenbad是不错的 ,只不过k看谁都象同性恋
    Aug. 18
    我的blog上那是西班牙语,不要惊讶,哈哈哈哈~~~
    我喜欢古典主义和印象派,始终对于现代艺术提不起兴趣,诶,可能中国人的思想还是不太放得开
    Aug. 11
    Yingwrote:
    The air of an artist ... :-p
    Aug. 9
    Picture of Anonymous
    AFM wrote:
    知道的真多,佩服佩服……
    Aug. 8

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